United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2022). World Population Prospects 2022, Online Edition. Estimates 2024.
(1) Ensure that all perpetrators of gender-based violence against women are prosecuted and adequately punished by a competent court, that victims and witnesses receive protection and that victims are adequately compensated.
(2) Amend the Criminal Code, Law No. 23/2004 on domestic violence and other relevant legislation to criminalize all forms of physical, psychological, economic and sexual violence against women, including marital rape, and define rape based on a lack of consent rather than penetration or use of force.
(3) Amend Law No. 11/2008 on electronic information and transactions and Law No. 44/2008 on pornography to ensure that victims of online gender-based violence cannot be prosecuted if their intimate images are distributed without their consent.
(4) Expedite, as a matter of priority and within a clear time frame, the adoption of the sexual violence bill and ensure the effective participation of women at all stages of the adoption process.
(5) Prohibit the practice of so-called conversion therapy and other forced, involuntary or otherwise coercive or abusive treatments against lesbian, bisexual and transgender women.
(6) Allocate appropriate human, technical and financial resources to ensure that shelters for women who are victims of gender-based violence are fully operational throughout the State party, including for the effective implementation of the Integrated Service Centre for the Empowerment of Women and Children, especially in rural areas, and ensure that women who are victims of gender-based violence have effective access to medical treatment, psychological counselling, legal assistance and protection orders.
(1) Adopt legislation to prohibit so-called virginity testing and conduct comprehensive awareness-raising programmes for members of the Indonesian Navy and Air Force that highlight its negative impact and seek to challenge and change the discriminatory stereotypes and patriarchal attitudes that are the root causes of this harmful practice.
(2) Criminalize all forms of female genital mutilation, ensuring that such criminalization cannot be overruled by fatwas or other rulings issued by religious or clerical authorities, in accordance with joint general recommendation No. 31 of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women/general comment No. 18 of the Committee on the Rights of the Child (2019) on harmful practices and target 5.3 of the Sustainable Development Goals.
(3) Conduct awareness-raising and educational campaigns aimed at promoting understanding of the criminal nature of and the need to eliminate female genital mutilation, in particular among medical staff, parents, community leaders, religious scholars, and men and boys.
(1) Abolish exceptions to the prohibition of the marriage of those under 18 years of age under article 7 (2) of Law No. 16/2019, including by prohibiting a judicial dispensation of the marriage age; prevent patriarchal marriage traditions such as ijbar and muhrim; and request the full consent of the woman in all marriages.
(2) Take measures to raise awareness throughout the country about the detrimental effects of child marriage on girls and provide systematic training for members of the judiciary to ensure that they are aware of the rights of women and children and of their own role in protecting victims of child marriage.
(3) Amend, without further delay, the discriminatory provisions in Law No. 16/2019 on marriage and in the Civil Code, and any other discriminatory provisions, with a view to (i) prohibiting polygamy; (ii) ensuring equal inheritance rights for women and men; and (iii) making civil marriages and divorce accessible to all women in the State party.
(4) Protect the rights of women in unregistered unions and require the civil registration of all marriages for them to have legal effect.
(5) Ensure that cases of forced marriage are investigated effectively, that perpetrators are prosecuted and adequately punished, and that women and girls in such unions have access to protection, including accessible shelters and victim support services.
(1) Systematically collect data, disaggregated by sex, age, disability, ethnicity, region and socioeconomic background, on trafficking in persons, the number of cases identified through inspections, the number of prosecutions and convictions and the sentences imposed on perpetrators, and compensation provided to victims of trafficking.
(2) Allocate sufficient human, technical and financial resources for the implementation of the National Action Plan on Prevention of Trafficking in Persons.
(3) Ensure early identification and referral of women and girls who are victims of trafficking to appropriate services, including by providing systematic training to relevant law enforcement officials on the effective implementation of guidelines on victim identification and gender-sensitive interrogation methods.
(4) Strengthen support for victims of trafficking by ensuring that they receive protection and have adequate access to counselling and rehabilitation services, reparation and compensation.
(5) Criminalize all forms of child trafficking, including contractual marriages and child sex tourism, and raise awareness among the public and, in particular, girls and their families about the criminal nature and risks of trafficking in women and girls.
The 1945 Constitution and its amendments include provisions to protect individuals from violence, but none have explicitly addressed Violence Against Women.
Indonesia does not have a standalone law addressing violence against women. The country has related legislation addressing some forms of violence, but they are gender neutral and do not situate such violence within systemic inequalities and power imbalances.
1) Law Number 23 of 2004 regarding Elimination of Household Violence, 2004, including provisions on criminal offences and victim protection.
2) The Law on the Crime of Sexual Violence, No. 12 of 2022, which criminalizes various forms of sexual violence, including provisions for victim protection mechanisms.
3) Law on Crime of Trafficking in Persons No 21 of 2007
4) Law on Penal Code No. 1 of 2023
The country is currently working on developing a National Action Plan on Violence Against Women.
The Law on the Crime of Sexual Violence of 2022, criminalizes various forms of sexual violence, including sexual harassment, setting penalties for offenders.
Marital Rape is not formally criminalized in Indonesia.
According to the Marriage Law 1972, Chapter 2, Article 4, a man can marry more than one woman.
The law establishes equal rights for men and women regarding marriage consent and initiation of divorce/annulment proceedings.
Article 7, paragraph (2) of Law 16 of 2019, marriage under the age of 19 can be granted through special permission from the court, on the grounds of extreme urgency and supporting evidence (i.e. if the girl is pregnant)
There is no law in Indonesia explicitly prohibiting female genital mutilation (FGM) or penalizing those who perform it.
Ministry of Health Regulation No. 1636/2010 states that FGM is not a recognized medical treatment. Regulation No. 6/2014 fails to criminalize the practice or impose sanctions, effectively allowing it to continue.
Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection (MoWECP) (Indonesian: Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan Dan Perlindungan Anak abbreviated kemenpppa) of the Republic of Indonesia, is responsible for the rights and welfare of women and children of Indonesia.
In 2025, the MoWECP and the Ministry of Social Affairs (MoSA) have established a team to formulate a comprehensive and structured cooperation mechanism to oversee prevention and response to Violence Against Women.
National Commission for Eradication of Violence against Women (Komnas Perempuan) is an independent state body for the enforcement of women's rights in Indonesia.
The Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection (KemenPPPA) runs an online information system called SIMFONI-PPA. The system collects administrative data from service providers in the country (on health, justice, and social services), specifically on women and child protection. However, not all service providers in the country are linked to the system and not all services linked to it provide data.
Data from 2024, representing the number of women and girls whose cases were on trial that year.
There are at least 22 legal aid organizations specializing on legal support for survivors of violence against women and girls.
The Indonesian Legal Aid Foundation, the Indonesian Legal Resources Center, and the Indonesian Legal Aid Association for Women are implementing a project together to expand access to justice and strengthen the capacity and quality of legal aid services.
There are no courts specialized on violence against women in the country.
The Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection (KemenPPPA) runs an online information system called SIMFONI-PPA. The system collects administrative data from service providers in the country (on health, justice, police and social services), specifically on women and child protection. However, not all service providers in the country are linked to the system and not all services linked to it provide data.
Women and Child Service Units (UPPA) handle all cases of violence against women, including trafficking.
Training is conducted for frontline service providers on the survivor-centered approach. The exact number of trained professionals is not available, as there has been a number of trainings conducted. The Law on Sexual Violence Crime No. 12/2022 requires trainings to be conducted.
The Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection (KemenPPPA) runs an online information system called SIMFONI-PPA. The system collects administrative data from service providers in the country (on health, justice, and social services), specifically on women and child protection. However, not all service providers in the country are linked to the system and not all services linked to it provide data.