United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2022). World Population Prospects 2022, Online Edition. Estimates 2021.
(1) Amend the Anti-Domestic Violence Law to extend its protection to all forms of domestic violence, including economic violence, economic control and neglect, and violent acts by former intimate partners; (2) Provide mandatory and continuous capacity-building for judges, prosecutors, the police and other law enforcement officers, health and social workers, on the strict application of the Anti-Domestic Violence Law and the Law on administrative penalties and criminal liability, the issuance and monitoring of protection orders, gender-sensitive investigation and interrogation procedures and the provision of victim support services; (3) Raise awareness among women on the remedies and services available under the Anti-Domestic Violence Law and the Law on Administrative penalties and criminal liability, including protection orders and victim support services such as shelters, and ensure the accessibility of these services throughout the State party, in particular in rural and remote areas; (4) Ensure that all acts of gender-based violence against women are effectively investigated and perpetrators prosecuted and adequately punished.
(1) Ensure that women have the same rights as men with regard to custody of children; (2) Strictly enforce the Law on the Protection of Minors, which prohibits the practice of competing for custody rights by snatching or hiding underage children, and criminalizes acts of “snatching and hiding” as child abduction; (3) Ensure that family courts take incidents of domestic or other forms of gender-based violence into consideration when deciding on child custody and visitation rights upon the dissolution of a marriage or de facto union; (4) Ensure that the 30-day cooling off period should not be mandated.
(1) Adopt comprehensive anti-trafficking legislation that includes a definition of trafficking which is in line with international standards; (2) Strengthen early identification and referral of victims of trafficking, including by adopting guidelines for law enforcement officials and government-supported front-line responders; (3) Ensure that women and girls who are victims of trafficking have access to temporary resident permits, irrespective of their willingness or ability to cooperate with the prosecution authorities, as well as to adequate reparation and support services, including shelters, psychosocial counselling and rehabilitation programmes; (4) Strengthen the systematic collection and analysis of data on trafficking, disaggregated by victims' age, sex and nationality and by form of trafficking. (5) Ensure that women and girls from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea who are victims of trafficking are not criminalized for violations of immigration laws and have access to temporary residence permits and to basic services, including medical treatment, psychosocial counselling, education, alternative income-generating opportunities and rehabilitation programmes; (6) Provide the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, and relevant humanitarian organizations, with full and unimpeded access to victims of trafficking from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea; (7) Regularize the status of women from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and other women victims of trafficking who marry, either voluntarily or by forced marriage, or are in an unregistered union and have a child with a Chinese citizen, and ensure that their children obtain birth registration, are eligible for Chinese nationality and have access to education and health care without discrimination and would be allowed to leave China with their mothers who are defectors from the Democratic People's Republic of Korea).
Article 49 of the Chinese Constitution
Anti-Domestic Violence Law of the People’s Republic of China
Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests
The Outline for Women’s Development in China (2021-2030)
Article 42 of the Law on the Protection of Women’s Rights and Interests (revised in 2022)
Article 1010 of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China (effective from 2021)
Articles 1040-1046 of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China (effective 2021)
Articles 1047 of the Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China (effective 2021)
1. National level:
1.1 National Working Committee on Children and Women (NWCCW):
Affiliation: The State Council of the People’s Republic of China.
1.2 All-China Women’s Federation (ACWF):
Affiliation: A mass organization connected to the Communist Party of China.
2. Provincial/ Municipal/ County/ Township/ District level:
2.1 Women and Children’s Working Committees (Provincial level)
2.2 Women’s Federation (Provincial, Municipal, and County/District levels)
China maintains comprehensive administrative data on justice through various government agencies, including the Ministry of Justice and the Supreme People’s Court. The data is often compiled into annual reports and statistics available to the public.
The civil trial courts and criminal trial courts in the PRC address incidents of domestic violence, while some pilots have been established of specialized civil trial courts to better address domestic violence cases.
There are over 2,900 legal aid workstations set up by legal aid agencies across the country in collaboration with the Women's Federation.
Administrative data on police operations, including cases related to VAW, is maintained by the Ministry of Public Security and other relevant departments. In 2023, police across the country issued 98,000 such notices. In 2023, police across the country issued 98,000 notices for domestic violence cases.
Administrative data on social services, including shelters, helplines, and psycho-social counseling support, is maintained by various government agencies and non-governmental organizations (NGOs).
Between 2016-2022, the national helpline has provided over 252,000 services to domestic violence survivors.