The Afghanistan Demographic and Health Survey (AfDHS) 2015 is the first survey of its kind to be implemented in the country as part of the worldwide Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) Program. It was implemented by the joint effort of the Central Statistical Organization (CSO) and the Ministry of Public Health (MoPH), with the objective of providing reliable, accurate, and up-to date data for the country.

The 2015 AfDHS is a national sample survey that provides up-to-date information on fertility levels; marriage; fertility preferences; awareness and use of family planning methods; child feeding practices; nutrition, adult, and childhood mortality; awareness and attitudes regarding HIV/AIDS; women's empowerment; and domestic violence. The target groups were women and men age 15-49 in randomly selected households across Afghanistan. In addition to presenting national estimates, the report provides estimates of key indicators for both the urban and rural areas in Afghanistan and the provinces.